Investigate the Ecological and Socio-Economic Impact of Community-Based Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) on Artisanal Fisheries Communities in Beloi and Ilimano

This report assesses the ecological and socio-economic impacts of community-based Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Beloi and Ilimano, Timor-Leste. Ecological surveys using 28 Baited Underwater Video (BUV) deployments measured fish abundance, species diversity, and coral cover across reserve and non-reserve sites. Fish abundance was significantly higher in no-take zones (p = 0.0015), with Beloi Reserve recording the highest MAXN values. Coral cover also varied strongly, reaching ~65% inside Beloi’s reserve compared to 15–20% in non- reserve areas. A positive relationship between coral cover and fish abundance was detected (y= 2.1629x + 23.489; R² = 0.3205), indicating that healthier benthic habitats support higher fish presence. Socio-economic surveys with 30 respondents revealed strong community engagement in tara bandu management. Fishers reported increased fish abundance, larger fish size, improved income, and growing tourism interest around protected areas. Beloi showed higher compliance and stronger support, consistent with its longer-established MPA status, while Ilimano reflected early recovery trends. Overall, the findings demonstrate that community-based MPAs are enhancing ecological conditions and providing socio-economic benefits, emphasizing the value of community leadership and continued monitoring